Lahore School Of Economics

Lahore Journal of Economics

The Lahore Journal of Economics (LJE) is a biannual publication of the Lahore School of Economics and provides a unique perspective on issues critical to developing countries in general and South Asia in particular. The journal publishes articles on economics and its related fields and is widely circulated, both nationally and internationally. In addition to our biannual issues, the LJE also publishes a Special Edition which contains the papers and proceedings of the annual conference held at the Lahore School of Economics that focuses on current economic and business related issues pertaining to Pakistan.
The Lahore Journal of Economics is one of only three Social Science journals which have consistently received the highest rating by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (since 2003), and all the double-blind reviews and articles are evaluated by the Higher Education Commission on a yearly basis in order to rank the quality of the journal. At present, we are listed on the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL), EBSCO, ProQuest, Library of Congress, and British Library databases.
The Lahore Journal of Economics is also ranked on the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List: https://abdc.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/abdc_jql_2019_0612.xlsx
Citation Metrics from RePEc and Google Scholar for the LJE can be found here:
CitEc (RePEc): http://citec.repec.org/s/2016/ljejournl.html
Google Scholar Metrics: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_venues&vq=%22lahore+journal+of+economics%22
The annual subscription charges are Pak Rs 600.00 for national or US $50 for overseas subscribers. If you wish to subscribe, please make out a cross cheque / bank draft in the name of the Lahore School of Economics and send it to Intersection Main Boulevard Phase VI DHA and Burki Road, Burki 53200. Lahore, Pakistan.
Subscription Form

Aims and Scope

The Lahore Journal of Economics aims to add to the understanding of the workings of developing economies, with a particular emphasis on South Asia.
We consider for publication original theoretical and empirical contributions in economics (all areas) and related fields.
Subject areas include: education, health, employment, economic growth, productivity, financial markets, international trade and finance, political economy, and public finance.

THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS

Managing Editors

Dr. Azam Chaudhry, Lahore School of Economics

Dr. Theresa Thompson Chaudhry, Lahore School of Economics
Matthew McCartney, Charter Cities Institute

Editors
Ryan Brasher, Simpson University
Phillip Garner, Dixie State University
Momoe Makino, Institute of Developing Economies
Rajah Rasiah, Universiti Malaya
Jamshed Y. Uppal, Catholic University of America

Production Manager
Ms. Ayesha Khanum, Lahore School of Economics

Editorial Advisory Board

Ranil Abayasekara University of Peradeniya	Ahmed M. Khalid Universiti Brunei Darussalam	Baoyun Qiao Shanghai University
Sirimal Abeyratne University of Colombo	Amir Jahan Khan Institute of Business Administration	Simon Quinn University of Oxford
Julio Aguirre Universidad del Pacífico	Saleem Khan Bloomsburg University	Atonu Rabbani University of Dhaka
Rashid Amjad Lahore School of Economics	Shahrukh Rafi Khan Mount Holyoke College	Dhushyanth Raju World Bank
Mathew Andrews Harvard University	Amit Khandelwal Columbia University	Syed Kumail Abbas Rizvi Lahore University of Management Sciences
Mohammad Arzaghi American University of Sharjah	Rocco Macchiavello London School of Economics	Anwar Shah Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China
David Atkin MIT	Minhaj Mahmud BRAC University	Sohaib Shahid International Monetary Fund
Shahid Amjad Chaudhry Lahore School of Economics	Adeel Malik University of Oxford	Chad Syverson University of Chicago
Matthias Cinyabuguma World Bank	Inayat Ullah Mangla Western Michigan University	Gwendolyn A. Tedeschi Manhattan College
Sean Corcoran New York University	Ghazala Mansuri World Bank	Kensuke Teshima Institute of Economic Research (IER), Hitotsubashi University
Giovanna d'Adda Politecnico di Milano, University of Birmingham	Nawazish Mirza Excelia Université	Eric Verhoogen Columbia University
Javier Arze del Granado World Bank	Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak Yale University	Kate Vyborny Duke University
Ramani Gunatilaka University of Colombo	John Morrow Kings College London	Ahmed Kamaly Jönköping International Business School
Aamir Rafique Hashmi National University of Singapore	Kamal Munir University of Cambridge	Christopher Woodruff University of Oxford
S. Ajaz Hussain University of Toronto	Khalid Nadvi University of Manchester	Bushra Yasmin Fatima Jinnah Women University
Kazi Iqbal Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies	Zareen Naqvi Simon Fraser University	Sohail Zafar Lahore School of Economics
Sanjay Jain University of Cambridge	Ashish Narain World Bank
Michal Jerzmanowski Clemson University	Roshan Perera Advocata Institute

Editorial Staff : Tele. No: 0092 - 42 - 36560969

Telefax : 0092 - 42 - 36560905

E-mail: lje@lahoreschool.edu.pk

Publisher : Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.

Correspondence relating to subscriptions and changes of address should be sent to The Lahore Journal of Economics, Intersection Main Boulevard Phase VI DHA and Burki Road, Burki 53200. Lahore, Pakistan.

No responsibility for the views expressed by authors and reviewers in The Lahore Journal of Economics is assumed by the Editors, the Editorial Board and the Publisher.

Notes for Authors

1.	The first page of the manuscript should have
	The title of the paper, The name(s) of author(s), An abstract of about 150 words, A footnote giving the current affiliation of the authot(s), Four to six keywords, and Acknowledgments of finding The cover page should be submitted as a separate file from the Blinded Manuscript.
2.	The Blinded Manuscript must exclude the names of the author(s).
3.	The Lahore Journal will publish empirical papers only if the data used in the analyses are clearly and precisely documented and are readily available to the journal reviewer for purposes of replication. At the time of submission of papers that have empirical work, authors must provide to the Lahore Journal, the data (in Microsoft EXCEL format, SPSS, or Stata) required for the replication of results. These should be included as a separate file as part of the submission.
4.	The names of two potential referees along with their contact information should be given in a separate file as part of the submission.
5.	References cited in the text should include the name(s) of author(s) with the year of publication in parentheses, and all references should conform to APA style manual.
6.	All references used in the text should be listed at the end of the text in alphabetical order of the authors’ surnames and following the APA style manual.
7.	The graphic format for each mathematical formula, diagram, figure or chart should be in text mode for further editing. Tables for the main text and each of its appendices should be numbered sequentially and separately. The title of each table should clearly describe the contents. The source of the table should be given immediately below the line at the bottom of the table. Tables and figures can be included as a part of the blinded manuscript.
8.	Detailed derivations of any main mathematical results reported in the text should be submitted as a separate file as part of the submission.

Submission Guidelines

All articles that are submitted to the Lahore Journal of Economics go through an initial double-blind desk review by two editors. If an article passes this initial process, it undergoes a double-blind review in which an international academic and a local academic formally review each article. If the reviewers find that the article has the potential to make a contribution to the field of economics or business, the author(s) has the opportunity to revise and resubmit their article along with a document which addresses (point-by-point) all of the issues raised by the reviewers.
The reviewers for articles of the Lahore Journal of Economics come from the Editorial Advisory Board, comprised of high level academics from prestigious institutions in Pakistan, US and Europe.
There are no submission or publication fees for the Lahore Journal of Economics. Manuscripts can be submitted at https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/lje

Publication Malpractice and Ethics Statement of the Lahore Journal of Economics

The Lahore Journal of Economics follows a strict code of conduct which is to be followed by all the parties associated with the publication process, including the authors, the editors, the editorial board, the peer reviewers, the publisher and the readers. This code of conduct is derived from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Code of Conduct guidelines which can be found at www.publicationethics.org. The principal responsibilities lie with the editors, the authors and the reviewers and are laid out below:

I. Responsibilities of the Editors

A. Publication Decisions & Accountability
The editors of the Lahore Journal of Economics are responsible and accountable for all decisions regarding the publication of articles. These decisions are taken in light of the objectives of the journal and the policies and guidelines of the editorial board. During the publication process, the integrity and the intellectual and ethical standards of the journal should not be compromised at any point. The editors should at all times be willing and able to publish clarifications, corrections, apologies, retractions and negations as needed.
B. Fairness
All papers, articles, manuscripts submitted to the Lahore Journal must be evaluated for original content regardless of the gender, race, orientation, ethnic origin, religious beliefs, political philosophy, or citizenship of the author(s).
C. Confidentiality
The editors and the editorial staff cannot disclose any information regarding a submitted paper, article or manuscript other than to the corresponding author, the potential reviewers, the reviewers, the editorial staff, the editorial board and to the publisher.
D. Full Disclosure, conflicts of interest, and other issues
When considering retracting, issuing corrections or issuing expressions of concern regarding papers, manuscripts or articles, the editors of the Lahore Journal of Economics will base their decisions on the journal’s publication guidelines and COPE’s Guidelines for Retracting Articles.
None of the unpublished work and the accompanying information (including data and programs) can be used by the editors or anyone related to the journal without the explicit written approval of the author(s). Any ideas, information or knowledge that is obtained from the review process should be kept confidential and cannot be used by the editors or the staff for personal or professional benefit. The editors must ensure that advertising, commercial revenues, or reprints have no impact on the editorial decisions taken regarding submissions.
A fair, transparent and suitable peer review process must be ensured by the editors. If any conflicts of interest exist or arise during the review process, the editor(s) must refrain from handling the relevant manuscripts.

II. Responsibilities of the Author

A. Originality and Plagiarism
The author(s) must ensure that papers, manuscripts, articles that are submitted to the Lahore Journal of Economics are entirely original works, and if the author(s) have used any work, words or and/or ideas from any other sources the authors must ensure that this work has been properly cited and/or quoted.
B. Acknowledging of Sources
Complete and proper acknowledgement of the work of others should be given. Any author(s) whose reported work has been influenced by publications, authors, ideas should cite these clearly.
C. Authorship of the Paper
The authorship of any submitted manuscripts, paper, and articles must be limited to those individuals who have made significant contributions to the design, conception, execution, and/or interpretation of the submitted work. All of those that significantly contributed to the work submitted to the journal should be given authorship.
D. Reporting standards
Any original research which is submitted to the Lahore Journal of Economics must present an accurate description of the work undertaken for the paper, and an objective discussion of the significance of the undertaken work. Any of the underlying data or facts that have been used in the work should be accurately and completely represented in the paper. The work should contain sufficient details of sources and references in order for others to replicate the findings of the paper. Any fraudulent or inaccurate statements as well as misrepresentations of the data and/or facts constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
E. Data Access and Retention
When submitting original works for consideration, the authors are also required to provide the raw data which may have been used in connection with the paper for editorial review. The authors should also be prepared to give public access to this data, if possible, and should be prepared to retain this data for a reasonable period of time after publication in the Lahore Journal of Economics.
F. Redundant, Multiple or Concurrent Publications
In general, any author should not publish papers, manuscripts, articles that essentially describe the same research work in more than one primary publication or journal. The concurrent submission of the same article, manuscript, or paper to more than one journal will be considered unethical behavior and is not acceptable.
G. Fundamental errors in publications
If any author finds any significant errors or inaccuracies in his/her own published work, the author is obliged to immediately inform the journal editors or publisher and to work with the editors and the publisher to correct or retract the paper in the form of an erratum.

III. Responsibilities of the Reviewer

A. Contributing to editorial decisions
The review process of the Lahore Journal of Economics is a double blind process. The purpose of the blind peer review is to guide the editor in making editorial decisions about submitted articles, manuscripts and papers and, potentially provide guidance to the author(s) in improving the submission.
B. Promptness
The editors should be promptly notified if the selected reviewer is unable or unqualified to review the research stated in the paper, article, or manuscript.
C. Confidentiality
During the review process, strict confidentiality should be maintained at all times. The unpublished work and the accompanying information (including data and any other accompanying information) can only be used by the reviewer during the review process and cannot be shared with others.
D. Standards of objectivity
During the review process, the reviewer must remain objective. The Lahore Journal of Economics will not accept personal criticism of the author(s). All the comments by the reviewer’s comments and views must be clearly supported by facts and arguments grounded in academic research.
E. Acknowledgement of Sources
One of the key roles of the reviewer should to identify relevant published research work that has not been cited in the submitted research. In the reviews, any observations, derivations, or argument made by the reviewer that have been previously stated must be accompanied by all of the relevant citations. The reviewer must also point out any significant overlap and/or similarity between the manuscript that is being reviewed and any other previously published research to the editor and the author(s).